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fio --name=force_large_large_folio_parallel_writes --ignore_error=ENOSPC --nrfiles=10 --direct=0 --bs=4M --group_reporting=1 --filesize=1GiB --rw=write --fallocate=none --numjobs=16 --directory=/mnt/scratch --runtime=100*1 --time_based 
meta-data=/dev/sdb               isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1966080 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=1
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=1 inobtcount=1 nrext64=1
         =                       exchange=1   metadir=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=7864320, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1, parent=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=16384, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
         =                       rgcount=0    rgsize=0 extents
         =                       zoned=0      start=0 reserved=0
echo '1' 2>&1 > /sys/fs/xfs/sdb/error/fail_at_unmount
echo '0' 2>&1 > /sys/fs/xfs/sdb/error/metadata/EIO/max_retries
echo '0' 2>&1 > /sys/fs/xfs/sdb/error/metadata/EIO/retry_timeout_seconds
Running fio with config:

[force_large_large_folio_parallel_writes]
ignore_error=ENOSPC
nrfiles=10
direct=0
bs=4M
group_reporting=1
filesize=1GiB
readwrite=write
fallocate=none
numjobs=16
directory=/mnt/scratch
runtime=100*1
time_based
vmstat thp_split_page: 3543
vmstat thp_split_page_failed: 65
_check_xfs_filesystem: filesystem on /dev/sdb has dirty log
*** xfs_logprint -t output ***
xfs_logprint:
    data device: 0x810
    log device: 0x810 daddr: 31457336 length: 131072

    log tail: 162 head: 168 state: <DIRTY>


LOG REC AT LSN cycle 1 block 162 (0x1, 0xa2)
============================================================================
TRANS: tid:0x7411e763  #items:2  trans:0x7411e763  q:0x55803f557840
BUF: cnt:2 total:2 a:0x55803f544060 len:24 a:0x55803f55fa10 len:384 
	BUF:  #regs:2   start blkno:0x0   len:1   bmap size:1   flags:0x9000
	SUPER Block Buffer:

LOG REC AT LSN cycle 1 block 164 (0x1, 0xa4)
============================================================================
TRANS: tid:0x696b151  #items:12  trans:0x696b151  q:0x55803f557840
BUF: cnt:3 total:3 a:0x55803f544080 len:24 a:0x55803f557900 len:128 a:0x55803f55fba0 len:128 
	BUF:  #regs:3   start blkno:0x28   len:8   bmap size:1   flags:0x2000
	BUF DATA
	BUF DATA
BUF: cnt:2 total:2 a:0x55803f544060 len:24 a:0x55803f55fc30 len:128 
	BUF:  #regs:2   start blkno:0x1   len:1   bmap size:1   flags:0x2800
	AGF Buffer: (XAGF)
BUF: cnt:2 total:2 a:0x55803f5575c0 len:24 a:0x55803f55fcf0 len:128 
	BUF:  #regs:2   start blkno:0x8   len:8   bmap size:1   flags:0x2000
	BUF DATA
BUF: cnt:2 total:2 a:0x55803f5575e0 len:24 a:0x55803f55fde0 len:128 
	BUF:  #regs:2   start blkno:0x10   len:8   bmap size:1   flags:0x2000
	BUF DATA
INO: cnt:3 total:3 a:0x55803f55fe70 len:56 a:0x55803f55ff20 len:176 a:0x55803f55ffe0 len:32 
	INODE: #regs:3   ino:0xa4  flags:0x5   dsize:32
	CORE inode:
		DATA FORK EXTENTS inode data:
*** end xfs_logprint output
_check_xfs_filesystem: filesystem on /dev/sdb is inconsistent (r)
*** xfs_repair -n output ***
Phase 1 - find and verify superblock...
Phase 2 - using internal log
        - zero log...
ALERT: The filesystem has valuable metadata changes in a log which is being
ignored because the -n option was used.  Expect spurious inconsistencies
which may be resolved by first mounting the filesystem to replay the log.
        - scan filesystem freespace and inode maps...
sb_fdblocks 5062668, counted 7009128
        - found root inode chunk
Phase 3 - for each AG...
        - scan (but don't clear) agi unlinked lists...
        - process known inodes and perform inode discovery...
        - agno = 0
        - agno = 1
        - agno = 2
        - agno = 3
        - process newly discovered inodes...
Phase 4 - check for duplicate blocks...
        - setting up duplicate extent list...
        - check for inodes claiming duplicate blocks...
        - agno = 0
        - agno = 1
        - agno = 2
        - agno = 3
No modify flag set, skipping phase 5
Phase 6 - check inode connectivity...
        - traversing filesystem ...
        - traversal finished ...
        - moving disconnected inodes to lost+found ...
Phase 7 - verify link counts...
No modify flag set, skipping filesystem flush and exiting.
*** end xfs_repair output
*** mount output ***
/dev/nvme0n1p3 on / type btrfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,compress=zstd:1,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvolid=256,subvol=/root)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=15664116k,nr_inodes=3916029,mode=755,inode64)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,inode64,usrquota)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=600,ptmxmode=000)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,nsdelegate,memory_recursiveprot,memory_hugetlb_accounting)
none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
bpf on /sys/fs/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,size=6286876k,nr_inodes=819200,mode=755,inode64)
selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=40,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=14591)
tracefs on /sys/kernel/tracing type tracefs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,pagesize=2M)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
none on /run/credentials/systemd-journald.service type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nosymfollow,seclabel,size=1024k,nr_inodes=1024,mode=700,inode64,noswap)
/dev/nvme0n1p3 on /home type btrfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,compress=zstd:1,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvolid=258,subvol=/home)
/dev/nvme0n1p3 on /boot type btrfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,compress=zstd:1,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvolid=257,subvol=/boot)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,nr_inodes=1048576,inode64,usrquota)
/dev/nvme0n1p3 on /var type btrfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,compress=zstd:1,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvolid=259,subvol=/var)
/dev/nvme0n1p2 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=winnt,errors=remount-ro)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
none on /run/credentials/getty@tty1.service type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nosymfollow,seclabel,size=1024k,nr_inodes=1024,mode=700,inode64,noswap)
none on /run/credentials/serial-getty@ttyS0.service type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nosymfollow,seclabel,size=1024k,nr_inodes=1024,mode=700,inode64,noswap)
tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=3143436k,nr_inodes=785859,mode=700,inode64)
/dev/sda on /mnt/test type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota)
*** end mount output
umount: /dev/sdb: not mounted.